［摘 要］室内环境绿色环保设计是设计师和居住者非常重视的问题,本文从绿色设计的内涵、设计原则、设计的构思及绿色设计的实施进行阐述。绿色环保设计关系人们的居住质量、身心健康,也是未来设计的趋向,作为设计师要不断地探讨这一课题。
[to] picked green indoor environment design is a designer and habitant attaches great importance to the problem, this article from the connotation of green design, design principle, design idea and the implementation of green design. Green environmental protection design relationship between people's living quality, physical and mental health, and future design trend, as a designer to continuously explore the topic.
［关键词］绿色设计；室内环境；装饰材料
[key words] green design; The indoor environment; Decoration materials
1 室内环境绿色设计的内涵
1 the connotation of green design indoor environment
人的一生绝大部分时间是在室内度过的,因此,人们设计创造的室内环境,必然会直接关系到室内生活、生产活动的质量,关系到人们的安全、健康、效率、舒适等。在设计领域中出现的“绿色设计”也称生态设计。绿色设计指设计出的产品可以拆卸、分解,零部件可以翻新、重复使用,这样既保护了环境,也避免了资源的浪费。使用绿色标志的产品,标明该商品的生产、使用及处理全过程符合环保要求,不危害环境或危害程度极小,有利于资源的再生回收利用。我国从1994年开始实施“绿色标志”。在室内环境设计中,绿色不仅是局部的生态环保设计,其核心是创造符合生态环境良性循环规律的整个设计系统，也是室内环境的绿色设计的内涵。
Person's life most of the time is spent in indoor, therefore, people create the indoor environment design, is bound to be directly related to the indoor life, the quality of the production activities, related to people's safety, health, efficiency, comfort, etc. In the design field of "green design" also known as ecological design. Green design refers to the design can be removed, the decomposition of the products, parts and components can be refurbished, reused, both to protect the environment, also to avoid the waste of resources. To use green products, show the production process, use and handling of the goods conforms to the requirements of environmental protection, not bad for the environment or minimal damage degree, is beneficial to regeneration recycling of resources. Our country started from 1994 "green mark". In the indoor environment design, green is not only the local ecological environmental design, its core is to create accord with ecological environment benign cycle of the whole design system, is also the connotation of the green design of indoor environment.
2 室内环境“绿色设计”的设计原则
2 "green design" of the indoor environment design principles
随着社会科技的发展,人们的审美意识逐渐由早期喜欢烦琐复杂的装饰转为欣赏简洁明快的风格。在现有自然资源逐渐匮乏的情况下,在设计中要争取对自然资源的最优利用和有节制地开发利用,最大限度地减少环境污染,保护自然生态的平衡与和谐。设计中最重要一点就是：绿色设计要着眼于人与自然的生态平衡关系,要遵守科学、实用、节约、回归自然、建立生态环境的设计原则。
With the development of social science and technology, people's aesthetic consciousness gradually from early like tedious complex decoration to appreciate the style is concise and lively. Under the condition of the lack of existing natural resources gradually, in the design for the optimal use of natural resources and the development and utilization in moderation, minimize environmental pollution, protect the natural ecological balance and harmony. In the design of the most important thing is: green design should focus on the ecological balance of the relationship between human and nature, to adhere to the scientific, practical, save and return to nature, to establish the design principle of ecological environment.
在室内设计中要强调自然色彩和自然材质的应用,让居住者可以放松紧张的工作状态,在安全、健康、效率、舒适的室内环境中,使其感知自然,回归自然,与绿色自然环境同在,实现居住环境与自然环境的和谐统一。从中我们可看出室内“绿色设计”的目标是人与自然和谐共生,人类与地球的可持续发展。
Emphasize natural color in interior design and the application of natural material, let habitant can relax tension in the work state, in safety, health, efficiency, comfortable indoor environment, make it feel natural, return to nature, with green, natural environment, living environment and natural environment harmonious and unified. We can find that indoor "green design" of the goal is the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, the sustainable development of humanity and the earth.
3 “绿色设计”在室内环境设计的构思和实施
3 "green design" in the indoor environment design idea and implementation
绿色设计在设计中运用生态学的原理和方法,以人、建筑、自然和社会协调发展为目标,争取对自然资源的最优利用和有节制地开发,最大限度地减少环境污染,寻求创造出适宜于人类生存空间与可持续发展的最佳设计途径和方法。绿色设计的设计宗旨在很大程度上是让居住者感知自然,回归自然,最终实现居住环境与自然环境的和谐统一。
Green design in the design using the principle and method of ecology, in order to people, architecture, natural and social coordinated development as the goal, strive for the optimal use of natural resources and development in moderation, minimize pollution of the environment, seeking to create suitable for human living space and sustainable development of the best design way and method. Our aim in designing the green design is largely make residents feel natural, return to nature, finally realizes the living environment and natural environment harmonious and unified.
3.1 绿色装饰材料的选择
3.1 green decorative materials selection
“绿色装饰材料”是指在满足设计的一般功能要求的前提下,以环境保护为宗旨,具有良好的兼容性。按“绿色”的要求,室内设计选材上应充分注重建材的原生态,选择无毒无害、防火防尘、防蛀防污染、可降解的建材,加大室内空间设计中自然要素的比重,使室内装饰更贴近自然。世界各地使用生态材料的建筑及建筑室内空间不胜枚举,如印尼巴厘岛的一个学校,主要建筑材料为当地盛产的竹子,使用竹子作为主要的建材,体现出设计师对绿色装饰材料的钟爱和永续生存的设计理念。
"Green decoration material" refers to the general functional requirements under the premise of meet the design for the purpose of environmental protection, has the good compatibility. , according to the requirement of the "green" interior design should fully pay attention to the ecological building materials on select material, choose non-toxic harmless, fire prevention, dustproof, moth-proofing, pollution prevention, biodegradable materials, increasing the proportion of natural elements in the design of interior space, make indoor decoration is more close to nature. All over the world use ecological building materials and architectural interior space, such as Bali, Indonesia, a school main building materials for local abounds in bamboo, bamboo as the main materials used, reflecting the designer affection for the green decorative materials and the design concept of sustainable living.
室内空间的装饰要尽量简化,不要重复装修。室内空间装修单纯靠装饰材料的堆积是不能够体现出空间的品位与特色,所以在选择装饰材料时,一定要选择适合室内空间特点,根据使用功能进行选择。如家庭装修中墙体涂料要尽量选择环保乳胶漆,像多乐士二代净味五合一,特别采用创新环保净味配方；多乐士金装全效,具有高效覆盖细微裂纹、耐擦洗等功能,令产品更环保,气味更清新。另外,喜欢墙面装饰复杂的房主,可使用能拆卸、清洗的耐用墙布,从而避免含有化学成分、有毒复合胶漆对环境的影响。
Try to simplify the adornment of the interior space and don't repeat to decorate. Interior space decorate on pure decoration material accumulation is not able to reflect the grade of the space and features, so when choosing to decorate material, be sure to select suitable for interior space characteristics, according to the use function to choose. If the family is decorated in wall emulsioni paint of paint should try to choose environmental protection, as duoleshi second generation net flavour 5-in-1, special innovative environmental protection net flavor formula; Dulux gold full effect, with efficient coverage tiny cracks, scrub resistance, etc, make the products more environmentally friendly, more pure and fresh smell. In addition, the complex of homeowners like metope adornment, can be used to remove and clean the durable wall cloth, thereby avoiding contain chemical composition, toxic compound lac's impact on the environment.
家居室内装饰材料的主要材料——地板,是需要慎重考虑的,由于装饰面积大,质量差的地板甲醛含量超标,会对人体造成很大的伤害。选用时以环保为主,环保复合实木地板其硬度、强度、耐磨度、抗变形、阻燃、防水等指标虽然均超过原木地板,与实木地板相比有许多缺欠,但比较经济实惠。
Household is the main material of indoor decoration materials - floor, require careful consideration, because decorate area is big, poor quality of floor of formaldehyde, will cause great harm to human body. When selection is given priority to with environmental protection, environmental protection composite solid wood floor the hardness, strength, wear resistance, resistance to deformation, flame retardant and waterproof measures such as though more than the original wood floor, compared with the real wood floor has a lot of defect, but more economical.
装饰板材要选择环保无毒,国家认定企业的产品。目前,环保材料不仅局限于装修主材中,随着人们对绿色环保装饰材料的需要和追求,企业也不断新开发出新型绿色环保石材、瓷砖,黏结剂、填缝剂、地板胶、免钉胶等,国家环保部门也严格规范使用绿色环保装饰材料产品标识的监管工作。
Decorative panels should choose environmental protection non-toxic, enterprise products recognized by the state. At present, the environmental protection material is not only confined to decorating a advocate material, as people to the need of green environmental protection decoration material, and the pursuit, the enterprise has developed a new type of green environmental protection new stone material, ceramic tile, adhesives, caulking agents, avoid, floor glue, nail glue, etc., the state environmental protection department also use green environmental protection decoration material strictly regulate supervision of product identification.
3.2 室内环境绿色设计中的陈设
3.2 green indoor environment design of the display
室内陈设是指对室内空间中的各种物品进行陈列与摆设,包括功能性为主的陈设的家具装饰和灯具装饰,还有观赏性的装饰陈设,另外织物、日用品、工艺品、纪念品及个人收藏品、观赏性动植物也属于陈列品范围。室内陈设在室内环境设计中起到两个功能作用,一是实用功能,如家具、灯饰、床饰、窗饰等,二是起室内美化作用,如花木、特色挂物等,花木同时起到净化室内空气作用。由于花木本身带有天然优美的造型和丰富的色彩,所以作为装饰性的陈设,它比其他任何陈设更具生命力和魅力。植物的陈设不仅是绿色生机的象征,也是自然环保元素在室内应用的常见手法。
Indoor display refers to the various items for display and decoration in the interior space, including the display of functional furniture decoration, decoration and lamps and lanterns and ornamental decorative furnishings, fabrics, other daily necessities, handicrafts, souvenirs and personal collection, ornamental plants and animals also falls within the scope of exhibits. Indoor display in indoor environment design has two functions, one is the practical function, such as furniture, lamp act the role ofing, bed act the role ofing, tracery, 2 it is indoor beautification effect, such as flowers and trees, characteristic on, flowers and trees to purify the indoor air at the same time. Because of the flowers and trees itself with natural beautiful modelling and rich color, so as the decorative furnishings, it more than any other display vitality and charm. The display of plants is not only the green symbol of life, is the natural environmental elements in common method of indoor applications.
家具的绿色设计也是环保的主题。目前,我国还没有对“绿色家具”作出明确的概念界定和衡量标准。所谓绿色家具应是“绿色设计、绿色材料、绿色生产、绿色包装、绿色营销”,即“五绿”技术的综合体现。在家具材料选用上,遵循材料利用绿色化的3R或4R(减量利用reduce、重复利用reuse、循环利用recycle、再生资源利用re-grow)原则,实现家具用材的天然化、绿色化、环保化。绿色家具主要类型有：原木家具、科技木家具、高纤板家具、纸家具系列；不含损害人体的有毒成分,未经漂染的牛、羊、猪等皮张制作的家具；以藤、竹等天然材料制作的椅、沙发、茶几等家具；以不锈钢、玻璃、钛金属板等材料制作的家具。
The green design of furniture is also the theme of environmental protection. At present, our country has yet to make clear the concept of "green furniture" define and measure. Green furniture should be the so-called "green design, green material, green production, green packing, green marketing", is the comprehensive embodiment of "green" technology. On furniture material selection, follow material using green 3 r and 4 r (reduction using the reduce, reuse, reuse, recycle, recycle, use of renewable resources re - turns) principle, realize the furniture material of natural, green, environmental protection. Green furniture main types are: log furniture furniture, wood furniture in science and technology, high density fiberboard and paper furniture series; Does not contain toxic components, damage to human body without bleaching and hides made furniture such as cattle, sheep, pigs; With natural materials such as rattan, bamboo furniture such as chairs, sofa, tea table; Titanium to stainless steel, glass, metal plate materials such as furniture.
绿色照明它以居住者的生活方式为核心,以风格、材质、设计元素和功能需求为要素,一条设计主线贯穿整体空间各个功能区域及产品局部,实行一次性解决居住者对照明的系统化和个性化需求。室内照明设计不能脱离室内设计风格。一个良好的照明设计是建立在良好的设计上。所有灯具的布置、灯具的外形要密切配合室内设计风格,要形成有机整体。照明作为绿色生态室内居住环境的一项重要指标,也越来越受到设计、施工、国家等部门和居住者的高度重视。
Green lighting to the lifestyle of the residents as the core, in style, material, design elements and functional requirements for elements of a design of the main line runs through the whole space each functional area and local products, disposable habitant to solve lighting for the systematic and personalized demand. Indoor lighting design can't out of interior design style. A good lighting design is based on the design of the good. All the layout, the shape of lamps and lanterns of lamps and lanterns should work closely with interior design style, to form a organic whole. Lighting as a green ecological indoor living environment an important indicator, is becoming more and more influenced by the design, construction, national departments and attaches great importance to the occupants.
4 结 论
4 conclusion
绿色设计(Green Design)是20世纪80年代末出现的一股国际设计潮流。绿色设计反映了人们对于现代科技文化所引起的环境及生态破坏的反思,同时也体现了设计师们社会道德、社会责任心的回归和伦理价值。室内设计的最大作用并不是创造商业价值,而是一种社会变革,是人们追求美好、健康过程中元素,绿色设计强调在设计中应该认真有限地使用地球资源,并为保护地球的环境服务。
Green Design, Green Design) is appeared in the late 1980 s, an international Design trends. Green design reflects the people to the environment and the ecological damage caused by modern science and technology culture of reflection, but also reflects the designers to the return of the social moral, social responsibility and ethical value. Interior design biggest role is not to create business value, but a kind of social change, is the pursuit of beautiful and healthy element, in the process of green design emphasized in the design should be seriously limited use of the earth's resources, and environmental services to protect the earth.