论文摘要：实行对外开放政策以来，我国在沿海省市开辟了一系列新经济开发区。这些经济区一般都有各自的经济发展规划，有的制定了区域环境规划，因此，应该开展相应的区域环境影响评价。
Abstract: since the adopted a policy of opening to the outside world, our country started a series of new economic development zone in coastal provinces and cities. These economic zones generally has its own economic development planning, some established regional environmental planning, therefore, the corresponding regional environmental impact assessment should be carried out.
论文关键词：区域环境评价；新经济开发；REIA；污染物预防
Key words: regional environmental assessment; The new economic development; REIA; Pollution prevention
一、区域环境评价的概念
First, the concept of regional environmental assessment
从1979年中国实施建设项目环境影响评价制度至今，其相关制度在保护自然环境、防治污染、协调开发建设和环境保护方面就一直发挥着重要的作用。经济建设的迅猛发展，带动了众多区域性开发建设项目的发展，例如经济开发区、高新技术产业开发区、旅游度假区及边贸开发区等，使多个建设项目在相同地区，相近时间陆续开展。届时，如果对各建设项目进行逐个环境影响评价（EIA），就不能准确预测最终的环境变化，不能显示区域开发的总体环境影响，进而导致无法采取合理的环境保护对策，使环境质量目标的实现落空。故而，应当将这类开发建设项目看作一个整体，综合考虑全部区域开发的建设行为，开展区域开发环境影响评价，即区域环境影响评价（REIA）。从理论上说，REIA可归入战略性环境影响评价（SEIA或SEA）的范畴。
From China in 1979 since the implementation of the construction project environmental impact assessment system, the related system in protecting the natural environment, prevent and control pollution, to coordinate development and environmental protection has been playing an important role. The rapid development of economic construction, promote the development of the regional development and construction projects, such as economic development zone, hi-tech industry development zone and tourist resort and the border trade development zone, etc., make many construction projects in the same area, close to the launch time. Then, if individually for each construction project to the environmental impact assessment (EIA), will not be able to accurately predict the ultimate environmental change, can't display area development's overall environmental impact, leading to not take reasonable environmental protection countermeasure, failed to achieve the goal of environmental quality. So, this kind of development and construction project shall be as a whole, taking into account all the construction of regional development, regional development environmental impact assessment, namely, regional environmental impact assessment (REIA). In theory, REIA can be classified as strategic environmental impact assessment (SEIA or SEA).
二、区域环境影响评价的类型
Second, the type of regional environmental impact assessment
为了达到即定的目标和要求，依照评价的性质、行政区划、区域类型、环境要素等，可以把REIA划分成多种类型，与开发建设项目息息相关的常见类型有：
In order to achieve the set targets and requirements, in accordance with the nature of the evaluation, administrative division, regional type and environmental elements, REIA can be divided into various types, is closely related to development and construction projects of common types are:
（一）新经济开发区环境影响评价
(a) new economic development zone, environment impact assessment
实行对外开放政策以来，我国在沿海省市开辟了一系列新经济开发区。这些经济区一般都有各自的经济发展规划，有的制定了区域环境规划，因此，应该开展相应的区域环境影响评价。
Adopted a policy of opening to the outside world, our country started a series of new economic development zone in coastal provinces and cities. These economic zones generally has its own economic development planning, some established regional environmental planning, therefore, the corresponding regional environmental impact assessment should be carried out.
（二）现有城市发展的环境影响评价
(2) of the environmental impact assessment of existing urban development
我国发展经济的特点之一是：依托现有工业基地，以骨干企业为主体，利用它们的经济基础和技术优势进行新建、扩建和技术改造，以扩大再生产，从而形成了许多以大型企业为主的老工业开发区（如东北老工业基地）。这些开发区的建设普遍都需制定相应的环境规划，做好区域环境影响评价。
Is one of the characteristics of economic development in China: based on the existing industrial base, with key enterprises as the main body, take advantage of their economic base and technical advantages for building, expanding and upgrading, to expand reproduction, thus forming many old industrial development zone, mainly large companies (such as the northeast old industrial base). The development zone construction generally need to formulate corresponding environmental planning, regional environmental impact assessment.
三、区域环境影响评价的作用
Third, the role of regional environmental impact assessment
（一）区域环境影响评价是环保部门进行区域发展综合决策的有效途径
(a) the regional environmental impact assessment is the decision of regional development, integrated the environmental protection department effective way
进行区域环境影响评价，就是在制定区域开发建设决策之前，对区域资源开发利用的合理性、自然环境、生态系统的现状和目标、区域环境承载力、区域废弃污染物排放总量控制度以及污染防治措施等方面进行论证和评估。按区域可持续发展要求，调整区域的总体发展规划，为产业的合理布局和环境功能的科学规划提供有效依据，为区域经济建设持续、健康、快速的发展提供保障，真正将环境保护做为区域开发综合决策的重要组成部分。
On regional environmental impact assessment, that is, before the area development and construction decisions, for the rationality of the regional resources development and utilization, the status quo of natural environment, ecological system and target, regional environmental bearing capacity, regional pollutant total amount control of waste and pollution prevention measures for demonstration and evaluation. According to the requirements of regional sustainable development, adjust the regional overall development planning, reasonable layout and the environmental function of science to industry planning and provide effective basis, for regional sustainable, healthy and rapid development of economic construction to provide guarantee, real environmental protection as a comprehensive decision-making is an important part of regional development.
（二）区域环境影响评价是实现污染物排放总量有效控制的重要保证
(2) the regional environmental impact assessment is an important guarantee of realizing pollutant total amount control
单一建设项目的EIA，使合理确定区域污染物总量控制目标成为空谈；因为评价范围小，导致许多单项环评无法对区域大气和地表水环境容量进行估算。而区域环评却能对确定的区域，着眼于整体，根据区域环境规划与保护目标、功能区的划分、区域环境质量和区域污染源状况来研究区域环境容量和环境承载能力，较准确地制定区域污染物总量控制计划，为实现总量控制奠定基础。
A single construction project EIA, make reasonable regional pollutant total amount control target words; Because the evaluation scope is small, lead to many single eia can't to estimate regional atmospheric and surface water environmental capacity. And regional eia is to identify areas that focus on overall, according to the regional environmental planning and conservation targets, the division of function area, the condition of regional environmental quality and pollution sources to research the regional environmental capacity and environmental carrying capacity, regional pollutant total amount control plan accurately, lay a foundation to achieve total control.
三）区域环境影响评价为污染物有效集中控制创造了条件
3) the regional environmental impact assessment to create conditions for pollutant concentration control
对污染物进行集中控制和综合治理是兼经济合理性和技术可行性为一体的污染综合防治措施。单项建设项目环评虽说能把拟建项目的环境污染防治措施的技术经济可行性充分的诠释，但对区域环境综合治理和污染集中控制只能提出宏观建议。在这方面，区域环境影响评价有其优越性，即可根据区域产业结构、工业布局和总量控制目标，对区域开发建设活动进行有效的整体规划，应用“工业生态原理”，在循环经济理念的指导下，使一个项目排出的废物成为另一个项目的原料，实现区域内资源的充分利用；在上述基础上，再提出统筹治理和基础设施规划方案（包括污染集中控制方案），为区域污水集中处理与资源化、以及推行集中供气供热工程创造条件。
For centralized control and comprehensive control of pollutants is both economic rationality and technical feasibility for the integration of integrated pollution prevention and control measures. Monomial construction project eia can though the proposed project technical and economic feasibility of measures for prevention and control of environmental pollution full interpretation, but the regional environmental comprehensive control and centralized control pollution only macro Suggestions. In this regard, regional environmental impact assessment has its superiority, can according to the regional industrial structure, industrial layout and the target of total quantity control, of regional development and construction activities for effective overall planning, application of the principles of industrial ecology, under the guidance of the circular economy concept, make a project to discharge waste raw materials of another project, implementation of make full use of resources in an area; On the basis of the above, then put forward the overall governance and infrastructure planning (including pollution control scheme), for regional sewage centralized treatment and reuse, as well as the implementation of centralized gas supply, heat supply engineering.
（四）有利于识别不良的累积效应并在区域范围采取对策
(4) to identify adverse cumulative effect and in the area to take countermeasures
单个建设项目的EIA难以从整体上分析其与区域过去、现在和将来的开发建设所产生的累积效应。REIA有可能比较确切和全面地分辨区域各时段的开发对资源、生态系统和人类生活可能产生的恶性累积反应，进而提出针对性对策，加以预防和消除。
A single construction project EIA is difficult to on the whole analysis with the area in the past, present, and future development of cumulative effects. REIA is likely more exactly and comprehensively distinguish the regional development of resources, all kinds of ecosystem and human life possible malignant cumulative response, and put forward corresponding countermeasures, to prevent and eliminate them.
四、区域环境影响评价的目的和意义
Four, purpose and significance of regional environmental impact assessment
一般而言，区域环境影响评价是在区域开发规划纲要制定之后和区域开发规划方案实施之前。实际上，区域开发规划设计方案的制定和环境影响报告书（EIS）的制定是一个同期，互补的过程，环境影响评价随着区域开发规划的启动就同时介入了，以区域环境特征等因素为基准，综合区域开发性质、布局和规划，进而编制出区域开发规划方案，评价每一个方案，并提出修改意见，分析修改后的方案的环境影响度，最终达到协助形成区域经济发展与区域环境保护协调的区域开发规划和区域环境管理规划的目标，促进整个区域可持续性开发。
In general, regional environmental impact assessment in regional development planning outline after formulation and solution prior to the implementation of regional development planning. In fact, regional development planning, formulation of design scheme and the environmental impact statement (EIS) formulation is a over the same period, complementary process, environmental impact assessment as the regional development planning start stepped in at the same time, based on factors such as regional environmental characteristics, integrated regional development properties, the layout and planning, and develop the regional development planning, evaluate each solution, and put forward modify opinions, environment effect of the modified schemes are analyzed, and finally to help form the regional economic development and environmental protection coordination of regional development planning and environmental management planning goal, promote the regional sustainable development.
区域环境影响评价在区域开发规划与区域环境管理中的地位和作用，决定了区域开发活动的环境影响评价的重要意义：
Regional environmental impact assessment in the regional development planning and environmental management in the position and function, and determines the importance of environmental impact assessment of regional development activities:
（一）从宏观角度上说，区域环境影响评价对区域开发活动的选址、规模、性质的经济技术可行性进行的考虑分析可以避免决策的重大失误，尽可能的减少对区域自然生态资源和环境的损害。
(a) from the macroscopic Angle, the regional environmental impact assessment of regional development activities of the location, size, nature of the economic and technical feasibility of significant consideration analysis can avoid the decision error, as far as possible to reduce damage to natural ecological resources and the environment in the region.
（二）区域环境影响评价是区域开发各功能的合理布局、入区项目的优化选择等决策的有效依据。
(2) the regional environmental impact assessment is to develop the function of the reasonable layout, the area of project effective optimization selection decisions.
（三）实施区域环境影响评价，对了解区域的环境状况和区域开发带来的环境问题，区域环境污染总量控制规划的制定和区域环境保护管理体系的建立都有重大的帮助，进而带动区域可持续发展。
(3) the implementation of regional environmental impact assessment, to understand the status of the regional environment and regional development of the environmental issues and regional environmental pollution total amount control plan formulation and the regional environmental protection has a great help to establish the system of management, leading to regional sustainable development.
（四）单项入区项目的审批和区域内单项工程评价可以把区域环境影响评价作为可靠的基础和依据，这就减轻了各单项工程环境影响评价的工作任务，使的单项工程的环境影响评价同时具备区域宏观特征，科学性、指导性更强，工作周期也缩短了。
(4) item into the area projects and area of examination and approval of construction project evaluation can take the regional environmental impact assessment as the basis of reliable and basis, this will reduce the environmental impact assessment of projects in each single task, make construction project environmental impact assessment has regional macro characteristics at the same time, more scientific, guidance, work cycle is shortened.