近年来，我国在城市环境日益改善的同时，农村污染问题却越来越严重，在工业化、城镇化程度较高的东部发达地区的农村尤为突出。各种污染不仅威胁到了数亿农村人口的健康，甚至通过水、大气污染和食品污染等渠道最终影响到城市人口。
In recent years, our country environment improved increasingly in the city at the same time, the pollution problem is increasingly serious, in a high degree of industrialization and urbanization, especially in rural eastern developed areas. All kinds of pollution is not only threatening hundreds of millions of rural people's health, even through the channel such as water pollution, air pollution and food ultimately affect the urban population.
一、农村环境污染的主要表现
A, the main performance of the rural environmental pollution
目前我国农村环境污染问题比较突出，已经严重影响了国家文明建设的步伐和农民的生活。我国农村环境污染主要表现在以下方面。
Stand out, at present our country rural environment pollution issue has seriously affected the country the pace of civilization construction and peasant life. Rural environmental pollution in China is mainly embodied in the following aspects.
1.农业生产过程中产生的环境污染。
1. In the process of agricultural production and environmental pollution.
2.农村基础设施建设和环境管理滞后产生的生活污染。
2. The rural infrastructure construction and environmental management lags behind the life pollution.
3.乡镇企业布局不合理、治理措施不得力所产生的工业污染。
3. The layout of township enterprises is unreasonable, management measures were capable of industrial pollution.
4.畜牧养殖业所带来的环境污染。
4. Animal husbandry and aquaculture brought about by the pollution of the environment.
二、农村环境污染所产生的负面影响
Second, the rural environment pollution generated by the negative effects
目前我国农村环境污染问题仍在加剧，产生了诸多负面影响，已经危及到了人群的生活和生命安全。
At present our country rural environment pollution problem is still growing, has produced many negative effects, have endanger people's life and safety.
1.农村水环境质量恶化。
1. The rural water environmental quality deterioration.
2.农民生活质量下降，发病率增高。
2. The lower quality of life of farmers, increased incidence of a disease.
三、农村环境污染问题产生的原因
Third, the causes of rural environment pollution problem
我国目前环境污染问题形成的原因较多，有环境管理体系、有财政资金、有治理模式等等一系列的因素。
The causes of the formation of China's current environmental pollution problem is more, have a environment management system, financial capital, governance and so on a series of factors.
1.我国环境管理体系难以适应农村污染问题的治理。
1. The environmental management system in China cannot adapt the rural governance of pollution problems.
2.财政资金短缺，导致污染治理不力。
2. The shortage of financial fund, which leads to the lack of pollution control.
3.农村污染治理的市场化机制尚未建立。
3. The marketization of rural pollution control mechanism has not yet been established.
4.农村污染治理模式单一，套用工业污染的治理手段。
4. Single rural pollution control mode, to use the governance of industrial pollution.
5.政府对环境保护的管理手段落后。
5. The government's management of environmental protection means lag behind.
6.农民的环保意识差。
6. The farmers' environmental protection consciousness is poor.
四、农村环境污染治理措施及建议
Fourth, rural environmental pollution control measures and Suggestions
目前，农村环境污染主要包括：农药、化肥、农业废弃物和畜禽粪便等农业自身污染，以及工业污染排放、城市垃圾等外源污染两个方面。对农业环境污染的综合治理势在必行，为此，提出以下农业环境污染治理工作的措施和建议。
Mainly includes: at present, the rural environment pollution of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, agricultural waste and animal manure such as agricultural pollution, and industrial pollution, urban waste, etc. Two aspects of external pollution. For agricultural comprehensive control of environment pollution is imperative, therefore, agricultural and environmental pollution control measures and put forward the following Suggestions.
1.完善农业环境保护法规，加大执法力度。
1. Improve the agricultural environmental protection laws and regulations, strengthen law enforcement.
要加强农业可持续发展立法，完善有关法律制度。根据市场经济运行规律和世贸组织规则，修订相应的农业和环境法规，建立健全农业可持续发展的法律实施保障体系，修订和完善农业环境标准体系，严格依法行政，加强执法监督，切实保证可持续发展的各项法律制度得以实施。必要时可以出台单独的农业环境保护法及其实施办法，以利加强农业生态保护、实施农业可持续发展。
Must strengthen the legislation of agricultural sustainable development, improve the relevant legal system. According to the laws of the market economy and wto rules, and revised the corresponding agricultural and environmental laws and regulations, establishing and perfecting the legal safeguard system of the sustainable development of agriculture, revise and improve the agricultural environmental standard system and strict administration according to law, strengthen the law enforcement and supervision, to ensure the sustainable development of the legal system is implemented. May, when necessary, a separate agricultural environmental protection law and its implementing measures, and strengthen the agricultural ecological protection, agricultural sustainable development.
2.提高各级政府对农村环境污染的战略认识。
2. Improve the strategic understanding of rural environmental pollution at all levels of the government.
各级政府和各级领导应当转变观念，把治理农业环境污染，保护农业生产环境，提高农产品安全性和市场竞争力，作为我国现代农业发展的长期战略。农村生态环境保护是环境保护工作的重要组成部分、改善区域环境质量的重要措施。随着重点流域和区域污染防治与生态保护工作的不断深入，农村生态环境保护的任务越来越重，要求越来越高。当前农村生态环境保护的主要任务是，防治农业生产和农村生活污染；综合整治乡镇环境；促进自然资源的合理开发利用；维护农村重要自然生态系统的良性循环，确保农村经济社会的健康、持续发展。
Governments at all levels and leaders at all levels should transform idea, the management of agricultural environmental pollution, to protect agricultural production environment, improve the safety of agricultural products and market competitiveness, as a long-term strategy of our country's modern agricultural development. The rural ecological environment protection is an important part of the environmental protection work, the important measure to improve regional environmental quality. As in key river valleys and regions of pollution prevention and ecological protection work, the task of rural ecological environment protection is more and more heavy, demand is higher and higher. The current is the main task of the rural ecological environment protection, pollution prevention and control of agricultural production and rural life; The comprehensive improvement of rural environment; To promote the rational development and utilization of natural resources; Maintain the virtuous circle of the rural important natural ecological system to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of rural economy and society.
3.加大农村环保治理资金投入力度。
3. To enhance investment in rural environmental management fund.
农业科研部门应当把发展农业清洁生产技术作为今后农业科研工作的一个重点领域，加强力量，增加投入，通过技术攻关、项目招标引进吸收等方式，尽快推出一些技术上成熟、经济上可行、社会效益和生态效益好的技术项目，应用到农业生产中，各有关部门应当在政策引导、项目规划、管理措施等方面给予支持和保证。同时，各级政府应通过政策引导，扩展农业环保资金的来源渠道，改变环保投资分配体制，提高投资效果。在支农资金或环境资金中划出一定的比例专项用于农业环境的治理工作，也可以吸引和利用一些外国政府和国际机构的赠款和贷款，逐步建立和完善农业环境保护的投资增长机制。
Agricultural scientific research departments should develop the agricultural cleaner production technology as a key field of agricultural scientific research work in the future, enhance strength, increase investment, through the technical research, project bidding introduce absorption, etc., as soon as possible to launch some technically mature, feasible in economy and social benefit and ecological benefit good technology project, applied to agricultural production, the departments concerned shall, in the policy guide, project planning and management measures to support and guarantee. At the same time, governments at all levels should be through policy guidance, extend the agricultural environmental protection funds source channel, change the distribution of environmental protection investment system, improve the effect of investment. In agriculture for capital or the environment in a certain proportion specially used for agricultural environment management work, also can attract and use of some foreign governments and international institutions of grants and loans, gradually establish and improve the agricultural environmental protection mechanism of investment growth.
4.明确农业环境保护的管理职责，赋予其相应的执法权限。
4. Clear management responsibilities of agricultural environmental protection, giving its corresponding law enforcement authority.
建议成立由各省（市）领导牵头，政府有关部门共同组成的农业环境保护领导小组，全面负责农业环境治理的领导和协调工作，赋予其相应的执法权限。
Suggest set up led, led by the provincial (city), the relevant government department of agriculture environmental protection leading group, fully responsible for the leadership of the agricultural environment management and coordination, given its corresponding law enforcement authority.
5.发展生态农业。
5. The development of ecological agriculture.
坚持农业的可持续发展，发展生态农业是必由之路。必须树立农业发展的科学生态观。必须高度重视农业生态，并以新的全面、协调、和谐、可持续的农业生态观为指导，促进农业的生态建设。
Insist on agricultural sustainable development, the development of ecological agriculture is necessary. Must set up the agricultural development of the science and ecology. Must attach great importance to ecological agriculture, and a new comprehensive, harmonious, harmonious, sustainable agricultural ecosystem view as guidance, to promote the ecological construction of agriculture.
6.加强面源污染防治，改善水体和大气环境质量。
6. Strengthen the prevention and control of non-point source pollution, improve water and atmospheric environment quality.
各级环境保护部门要加强畜禽养殖污染防治的监督，抓紧制定相关的法规和标准，严格控制养殖废物的排放。对于新建、扩建或改建的具有一定规模的养殖场（厂），必须按照国家《建设项目环境保护管理条例》的规定，督促建设单位认真执行环境影响评价制度和“三同时”制度；对于“三河”、“三湖”等国家和地方明确划定的重点流域和重点地区、以及大中城市周围的中等以上规模的集约化养殖场（厂），必须进行限期治理。
The environmental protection departments at various levels shall strengthen the supervision of livestock and poultry breeding pollution prevention, to formulate the relevant regulations and standards, strict control of aquaculture waste emissions. For building, expanding or rebuilding a certain scale farms (factory), must, in accordance with state regulations on the construction project environmental protection management regulations, to urge the construction unit to seriously implement the system of environmental impact assessment and the "three simultaneity" system; For the "three rivers", "lakes" and other countries and places clearly defined in key river valleys and key areas, and large and medium-sized cities above the surrounding medium scale intensive farms (factory), must carry out governance within a time limit.
7.开展农村环境综合整治，创建生态文明村镇。
7. To develop the rural environment comprehensive improvement, creating ecological civilization villages and towns.
各级环境保护部门应积极开展村镇环境规划。凡1999年以后新建的县城、乡镇和新村，必须编制环境规划，并与城、镇建设同时实施；对已有的县城、乡镇和村庄，应结合城镇改造逐步加以实施。要通过规划、引导乡镇企业产业结构调整，加强污染集中控制、加速城镇污染处理设施的建设。
The environmental protection departments at all levels shall actively carry out rural environmental planning. Since 1999, every new counties, towns and new countryside, must prepare environmental planning, and with the city and town construction to implement at the same time; The existing county, township and village, should be combined with urban reform implemented step by step. Through planning, guide the adjustment of industrial structure of township enterprises, strengthen centralized control pollution and speed up the construction of urban pollution treatment facilities.
8.加强农村环境队伍建设，提高农村生态环境保护的监督管理水平。
8. To strengthen the rural environment construction, improve the level of the supervision and management of the rural ecological environment protection.
各级环境保护部门要加强农村生态环境保护监督管理队伍的建设。省、市环境保护部门必须设立专门生态环境保护机构，专人专职负责农村生态环境保护工作；县级环境保护部门必须把农村生态环境保护作为重点工作来抓，特别是生态环境保护任务重的地区，尤其要加强生态环境保护的机构和能力建设。各大中城市的环境保护部门也应在抓好市区环境综合整治和工业污染防治的同时，切实加强城郊结合部及郊区的生态环境保护，逐步实现城乡环境保护监督管理一体化。
The environmental protection departments at various levels shall strengthen the construction of the contingent of rural ecological environment protection supervision and management. Provincial, municipal environmental protection departments will have to set up a special ecological environment protection agencies, full-time personnel responsible for rural ecological environmental protection work; Environmental protection departments at the county level must be the rural ecological environment protection as priority to grasp, especially the heavy task of ecological environment protection areas, in particular to strengthen ecological environment protection institutions and capacity building. Environmental protection departments of the cities should pay special attention to the comprehensive environmental control in urban and industrial pollution prevention and control at the same time, strengthen the protection of the edge and on the outskirts of the ecological environment, and gradually achieve the integration of urban and rural environmental protection supervision and management.
要积极开展生态环境监理，加强农村生态环境监测能力建设，努力提高统一监督管理水平；要有计划地开展人员培训，不断提高农村生态环境保护监督管理队伍的素质，为实现本届政府的农村生态环境保护目标而奋斗。
To actively carry out ecological environmental supervision, to strengthen the construction of rural ecological environment monitoring ability, strive to improve and unify the supervision and management level; Will work in a planned way to staff training, and constantly improve the quality of the contingent of rural ecological environment protection supervision and management, in order to realize the administration of rural ecological environment protection goal to struggle.