内容摘要：商业建筑在居住区内是一种特殊的建筑，它与居民的生活联系紧密而且增强了居住区的开放性和活力。本文分析了我国居住区商业建筑设计存在的问题及其应遵循的设计理念，希望能对居住区商业建筑的设计和改进有所裨益。
Abstract: commercial buildings in the residential area is a special type of building, it and closely linked to people's life and enhance the openness and vitality of the residential areas. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the residential commercial architecture design and shall comply with the design concept, hoping to commercial buildings of residential design and improvement.
关键词：居住区 商业建筑 设计理念
Keywords: residential commercial building design concept
改革开放以来，房地产业已经成为我国经济发展新的增长点，住宅已成为居民新的消费热点。在居住区规划和住宅的设计中积极推进“以人为本”的设计创新理念，创造具有地方特色、设备完善、达到21 世纪现代化居住标准的住宅是摆在建筑师面前的迫切任务。居住区商业建筑与居民的生活联系紧密而且增强了居住区的开放性和活力，对其进行研究具有现实意义。
Since China's reform and opening up, the real estate industry has become a new growth point of China's economic development, housing has become a new consumption hot spots. In the design of residential area planning and residential actively promote "people-oriented" design concept innovation, create a with local characteristics, equipment is perfect, meet the 21st century modern residential living standards is the urgent task in front of the architect. Residential commercial buildings and closely linked to people's life and enhance the openness and vitality of the settlement, the study has practical significance.
我国居住区商业建筑发展历程
The residential commercial building development
20 世纪80 年代我国改革开放政策的实施为住宅及居住区商业建筑的建设发展带来了契机，使之进入全面发展的新时期。在此之前，居住区的商业建筑比较简单，布局模式大多为单一的行列式布局，且数量不多。到了90 年代后，居住区的商业建筑设计逐步得到重视，居住区开始有了超级市场、复合型商业建筑、步行街和购物中心等，这种变化反映了居住区商业建筑设计从满足人们的基本需求过渡到关注生活质量这一层面。
The implementation of the reform and opening up policies in China in the 1980 s of commercial buildings to residential and residential construction development has brought an opportunity to make it into the new period of comprehensive development. Before this, residential commercial buildings is simpler, mostly single determinant layout, layout mode and quantity is not much. In the 90 s, the area of design gradually pay more attention to the commercial building, residential area has a supermarket, composite commercial buildings, pedestrian street and shopping center etc., the change reflects the community commercial architecture design from the transition to meet basic human needs to focus on the quality of life level.
我国居住区商业建筑设计存在的问题
Problem of residential commercial architectural design in our country
我国居住区商业建筑在设计上的状况总体说来，在“商”与“住”两个方面存在矛盾。尤其对其建筑设计而言，还存在一定的问题，具体表现在以下方面：
The residential commercial buildings in design condition in general, in the "business" and "live" two aspects of contradiction. Especially for its architectural design, but also has certain problem, specific performance in the following areas:
内部空间处理不当。有些居住区商业建筑的空间处理较为草率，平面局促，不符合商业建筑大开间的使用要求。人们经常会看到一些居住区的商业建筑由于空间结构不灵活导致无法随着居民的使用需求加以变化，只能闲置或者挪作他用。
Improper handling internal space. Some residential commercial building space processing relatively arbitrary, plane constraint, do not meet the requirements of the use of commercial buildings are expounded. People often see some commercial residential building because of the space structure is not flexible in can change it with the use of residents demand the, idle or used for any other purposes.
外观设计失败。我国居住区呈现越来越丰富的形态，大多居住区商业建筑却缺乏特色，呈雷同化趋势，有些则是为了达到吸引眼球和销售的目的，外观形象极尽花哨，忽视其基本使用功能，且与居住区形象格格不入。
Design failure. Increasingly rich pattern in the residential, residential commercial buildings are mostly lack of features, show the same tendency, others are in order to achieve the purpose of attracting eyeballs and sales, extremely use up fancy appearance image, ignore the basic use function, image and residential areas.
外部环境设计单调。一些居住区商业建筑的外环境设计极为单调或者根本没有外环境设计。商业建筑与居住区乃至整个城市的环境连接生硬，既不利于居民的使用，也不利于商业氛围的营造。
The external environment design is monotonous. Some of the external environment design of residential commercial buildings is very boring or no external environment design. Commercial building and residential area and the whole environment of the city link stiff, is not conducive to the use of residents, but also not conducive to the construction of commercial atmosphere.
居住区商业建筑设计理念分析
Residential commercial building design concept analysis
居住区商业建筑与城市建设发展和居民生活密切相关，它的合理布置和设置将影响居民生活和城市环境。本文针对目前我国居住区商业建筑的现状，认为其设计应遵循以下理念：
Residential commercial architecture and urban construction development and residents is closely related to its reasonable layout and Settings will affect residents and urban environment. View of the present status of the residential area of commercial buildings in China, this paper thinks that the design should follow the following ideas:
以人为本。居住区商业建筑及其环境的创造，“以人为本”应该是其设计构思的出发点，也是最终检验商业环境优劣的标准。居住区商业建筑设计并非消极被动地应付居民需求，而是要积极主动地去发现更多的可能性需求，使用者可以从设计者提供的可能性需求中去满足他们的真正需求。
The people-oriented. The creation of residential commercial building and its environment, "people-oriented" should be the starting point of its designing idea, and final inspection of staff's business environment. Residential design commercial buildings is not passive to meet residents' demand, but to actively to find the possibility of more demand, the user can from the designer to provide the possibility of demand to meet their real needs.
具有综合性与专业性功能。按照方便生活、提高生活质量的要求，居住区商业网点的建设要大中小相结合，提高单个网点面积，发展超市和大型综合商场，形成集购物、餐饮、娱乐、休闲为一体的购物中心。行业结构要吃、穿、用、玩相结合，综合与专业相结合，尤其要开拓一些新兴的服务性行业。
With comprehensive and professional capabilities. According to the requirements of the convenient life, improve the quality of life, the construction of the residential area of commercial outlets to medium, to improve the single dot, it development and large comprehensive supermarket stores, integrating shopping, catering, entertainment, leisure as one of the shopping center. Industry structure to eat, wear, use, play, the combination of comprehensive and professional combination, especially to develop some emerging service industry.
注重商业区的空间秩序。在中国传统空间意识中，采取有层次、有发展的手法把人们从开头引导到末尾，在高潮中实现富于戏剧的结束，具有强烈的空间秩序。在以通行为主的线状商店街面上都有一定的节奏感，使街道具有整体统一性。而招牌、幌子、匾额更是我国传统商业经营上的一大特点，从某种意义上讲居住区内的商业建筑由于程式化程度高，它没有橱窗陈列，各个单位虽然所卖的物品不同，但从外部形象上却很相似，为了区别，就全靠招牌、幌子这种广告手段，直接点明其经营内容，并且具有装饰功能。
Pay attention to the business district of the space order. In Chinese traditional space consciousness, taking level, the development of methods to conduct the people from the beginning to the end, at the end of climax to achieve full of drama, has strong spatial order. Give priority to in order to pass on line store street has certain rhythm, make the unity of the whole street. And signs, cover, plaques is a feature of the traditional business management in our country, and in some sense in the habitable zone of commercial buildings due to the highly stylized, it has no window display, although the sell each unit of the item is different, but from the external image is very similar, in order to identify, on signs, cover all the advertising, direct illuminate its content, and have the function of decoration.
合理的商业网点布局模式。本文认为住宅区的商业网点布局模式以组团单体建筑为宜。根据规划服务半径和服务人口确定建筑总量，地理位置可安排在居住区的主要出入口或整个住宅区的交通干道旁。在建筑样式上既要富于变化，又要有机联系，以形成优美的建筑景观。
Sound business network layout model. This paper holds that the commercial network layout mode of residential district with delegation monomer construction advisable. According to the planning service radius and total population to determine construction, location can be arranged in a residential area of the main entrances and exits of or the entire residential area traffic the minuses. Both to abound and changes in the architectural style, and organic connection, to form a beautiful landscape architecture.
结论
conclusion
西方发达国家的商业发展远远领先于我国，他们在商业建筑设计中注重人性化设计的经验值得我们借鉴；而我国传统商业街的集中式商业布局设计具有浓厚的人文气息，商业建筑设计应该遵循商业的本质规律，即对商业利益的追逐。商业建筑设计中的人性化倾向，与之并不矛盾。因为只有吸引来更多的消费者，满足他们多元化的需要，才能获得更大的商业效益。成功的商业建筑项目应是一个具有鲜明文化内涵的建筑物，也是对一个地区、一个时期文化艺术的浓缩，对延续历史文脉、彰显时代风貌、传播物质文明和精神文明起到积极作用。
Commercial development of the western developed countries far ahead of our country, they pay attention to humanized design in the commercial architecture design experience is worth our using for reference; And China's traditional commercial street centralized business layout design has a strong cultural atmosphere, commercial architecture design should follow the rules of the nature of the business, the pursuit of commercial interests. The humanized tendency of commercial building design, does not conflict with them. Because only attract more consumers and meet their diverse needs, to achieve greater business benefits. Successful commercial construction projects should be a building with its unique cultural connotation, is also a time for a region, culture and art of enrichment, the continuation of historical context, time, material civilization and spiritual civilization plays a positive role.